WGO Practice Guideline - Constipation
Definition: Constipation is a symptom, not a disease.
The patient's view. Different patients have different perceptions of symptoms. Some patients regard constipation as straining (52%), while for others, it means hard, pellet-like stools (44%) or an inability to defecate when desired (34%), or infrequent defecation (33%).
The clinical view. There is constipation if patients who do not take laxatives report at least two of the following in any 12-week period during the previous 12 months (the Rome Criteria):
- Fewer than three bowel movements (BMs) per week
- Hard stool in more than 25% of BMs
- A sense of incomplete evacuation in more than 25% of BMs
- Excessive straining in more than 25% of BMs
- A need for digital manipulation to facilitate evacuation
Translated Versions
Review Team
- Greger Lindberg (Chair, Sweden)
- Saeed Hamid (Pakistan)
- Peter Malfertheiner (Germany)
- Ole Thomsen (Denmark)
- Luis Bustos Fernandez (Argentina)
- James Garisch (South Africa)
- Alan Thomson (Canada)
- Khean-Lee Goh (Malaysia)
- Rakesh Tandon (India)
- Suliman Fedail (Sudan)
- Benjamin Wong (China)
- Aamir Khan (Pakistan)
- Justus Krabshuis (France)
- Anton Le Mair (The Netherlands)